Chemical Engineering design of a operation unit Essay - 1

Concoction Engineering plan of an activity unit - Essay Example In concoction designing, unit activity is the fundamental advance in any partition procedure. Unit activity includes commencement of physical changes, for example, vanishing, crystallization, filtration, and partition among other physical procedures. This paper includes a structure of one activity unit for CO2 adsorption from pipe gas of intensity plant. The adsorption procedure would utilize enacted carbon, a source chiefly from fuel substances in the mining business, and it will be founded on physical adsorption component. Physical adsorption includes electrostatic alluring collaboration of inverse charges and the possibility of powerless Van der Waals powers. It is picked over chemisorption process since it utilizes lower enthalpy of adsorption, which is between 8-20 kJ mol-1 against 40-800 kJ mol-1 for chemisorptions. While actuation vitality in chemisorptions is little, it is zero for the physical procedure. Another factor considered is the low temperature of event in physical adsorption, which relies upon breaking point. Physical adsorption likewise permits the use of more than one layer that is adsorbed while chemisorption permits the opportunity of just one layer. Pipe gas can be gotten from the burning of an oil fuel such lamp fuel. The catch of carbon dioxide from power stations has progressively become a key issue in research. CO2 partition is an advantage to the compound business, where CO2 is utilized for some reasons, for example, the creation of methanol, urea, metal bicarbonates and carbonates. The worry on the creation of CO2 is improved by the issue of a dangerous atmospheric devation. Different catch approaches are commonly material (Hicks et al. 2008). These methodologies incorporate films, cryogenic, assimilation, and adsorption among different methodologies. In this paper, adsorption process is utilized as the favored methodology in the gas division process. Adsorption procedure of carbon dioxide gas

Comparing Societys Influence in Pride and Prejudice and The Edible Wom

Society's Influence in Pride and Prejudice and The Edible Woman   â â Throughout history, society has assumed a significant job in shaping the worth and perspectives of the population.â Jane Austen's Pride and Partiality and Margaret Atwood's The Edible Woman are two books which represent the negative impacts of society's impact. Both Elizabeth Bennet and Marian McAlpin are tough ladies who oppose society's impacts in their lives.â They will not acknowledge the pre-set jobs and personalities gave to them.â Both ladies understand that the person's needs are not really equivalent to what society forces on them; they rebel against this very society so as to pick up the freedom important to find what they need from life.   â â â â Society in the mid nineteenth century universe of Pride and Prejudice is spoken to through Mrs. Bennet and those like her, who are of mean seeing, little data, and unsure temper (Austen 53).â From the start of the novel, society noticeably shows its perspectives on marriage.â When Mr. Bingly moves to town, Mrs. Bennet promptly begs her significant other to go present himself.â Mrs. Bennet portrays Bingly as a single man of huge fortune; four or 5,000 a year.â What a fine thing for our young ladies! (51).â Bingly is promptly worthy because of his cash and associations, and Mrs. Bennet is as of now dreaming that one of her kids will wed him. Truth be told, an incredible matter was to get her little girls wedded (53).â â One of Elizabeth's dear companions, Charlotte Lucas, feels bliss in marriage is totally a matter of possibility (69). She feels that marriage is a... ...o a job which ends up being ruinous.  She, as well, assumes the responsibility for her life away from society and returns it where it has a place, in her own hands.â Thus resistance is fundamental in both circumstances so as to satisfy the requirements of the characters and reestablish them to their already sound, upbeat lives.   Works Cited  Atwood, Margaret. The Edible Woman. Toronto : McClelland-Bantam Inc, 1969.  Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Toronto : Penguin Books, 1972.  Harding, D. W. Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice and Mansfield Park. Toronto: The MacMillan Press Ltd, 1976.  Keith, W. J. Presenting Margaret Atwood's The Edible Woman. Toronto : ECW Press, 1989.  Litz, Walton A. Jane Austen a Study of her Artistic Development.â New York : Oxford Universityâ Press, 1965 Contrasting Society's Influence in Pride and Prejudice and The Edible Wom Society's Influence in Pride and Prejudice and The Edible Woman   â â Throughout history, society has assumed a significant job in shaping the worth and perspectives of the population.â Jane Austen's Pride and Partiality and Margaret Atwood's The Edible Woman are two books which represent the negative impacts of society's impact. Both Elizabeth Bennet and Marian McAlpin are tough ladies who oppose society's impacts in their lives.â They will not acknowledge the pre-set jobs and characters gave to them.â Both ladies understand that the person's needs are not really equivalent to what society forces on them; they rebel against this very society so as to pick up the freedom important to find what they need from life.   â â â â Society in the mid nineteenth century universe of Pride and Prejudice is spoken to through Mrs. Bennet and those like her, who are of mean seeing, little data, and dubious temper (Austen 53).â From the start of the novel, society conspicuously shows its perspectives on marriage.â When Mr. Bingly moves to town, Mrs. Bennet quickly begs her better half to go present himself.â Mrs. Bennet portrays Bingly as a single man of enormous fortune; four or 5,000 a year.â What a fine thing for our young ladies! (51).â Bingly is quickly satisfactory because of his cash and associations, and Mrs. Bennet is as of now dreaming that one of her kids will wed him. Actually, an incredible matter was to get her little girls wedded (53).â â One of Elizabeth's dear companions, Charlotte Lucas, feels bliss in marriage is altogether a matter of possibility (69). She feels that marriage is a... ...o a job which ends up being dangerous.  She, as well, assumes the responsibility for her life away from society and returns it where it has a place, in her own hands.â Thus disobedience is vital in both circumstances so as to satisfy the necessities of the characters and reestablish them to their beforehand solid, glad lives.   Works Cited  Atwood, Margaret. The Edible Woman. Toronto : McClelland-Bantam Inc, 1969.  Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Toronto : Penguin Books, 1972.  Harding, D. W. Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice and Mansfield Park. Toronto: The MacMillan Press Ltd, 1976.  Keith, W. J. Presenting Margaret Atwood's The Edible Woman. Toronto : ECW Press, 1989.  Litz, Walton A. Jane Austen a Study of her Artistic Development.â New York : Oxford Universityâ Press, 1965

Using Mind Maps for HR and Sourcing

Using Mind Maps for HR and Sourcing Since we already know how great a tool mind mapping can be for brainstorming and group work and in other ways for organizing your life, I thought I’d share with the community how I use MindMeister in my job as a Sourcer. For those of you who aren’t familiar, Sourcing is a specific focus of the recruitment sector. It blurs the line between recruitment, competitive intelligence, PR and marketing. What I essentially do is go out into the market to find hard to find people… How I Use Mind Mapping for Sourcing The primary reason I utilize mind maps in my everyday job is to visually represent my search strategies. It helps me keep track of my searches, coordinate the efforts of my team and keeps me organized. So without further ado, to utilise mind mapping for sourcing I break my first level nodes into: Search Strategy Search Terms Working Node Target Organization Conferences Resources Folder News Articles Other Resources Search Strategy This is really the crux of my map, kind of like my HQ. It’s my road map and default node I refer to when I’ve run out of sources to pursue or simply find myself lost in the search (and believe me, sourcers often do so). I normally start by listing all the search related points from the brief I take with the client about the position we’re sourcing for â€" potential target organizations, conferences, workshops, maybe even specific people to use as a benchmark. As I explore these sources and come up with other avenues of approach to find suitable people, I throw them into a new node so I don’t forget, ensuring that I have enough information to pick up the thread at a later stage (e.g. a link to the search string, or adding notes). Search Terms Keywords and Alternative Job titles. Two of the most useful sources that I use in my search again and again and again I build a list and ensure that I keep adding to it or culling it as my research grows deeper. Working Node This is actually something I’ve implemented recently into my maps. Back when I was working solo, I could get away with just plugging away at whatever sources tickled my fancy that day or hour… Now that I’m working in a team environment, we needed to find a way to divvy up the workload without stepping on each other’s toes. Eventually, we settled on this method â€" as we were working on a particular node, we move it to our “Working Node” so the other team member knows not to work on those. In addition, we can add particular sources to our own “Working Node” if we wanted to personally explore it or if we had a unique angle on how to best pursue it. Note that I utilize MindMeister’s task management system, specifically the Completion Icons (the little check boxes) to indicate what stage I’m at with examining the source or if I’ve completed it. Target Organization Now we’re getting into the nitty gritty side of things. This node maps out the target list from which to headhunt focus on. I tend to break mine down by location because I find it easier to manage. I also categorize them in themes  like: Commercial, Government, NGO, etc. but it depends on what works best for you and the particular search you’re working on. Conferences Speakers, keynotes, workshop facilitators, distinguished lecturer, residing chairs, attendees. What more can you leverage from these places? Here I list the biggest and most relevant conferences at which the people I’m sourcing for gather. Of course, I don’t limit this to conferences â€" symposiums, events, meet-up groups, summits all have a home under this node. Resources Folder Resources folder is another recent addition to my mind maps, since leading sourcing campaigns involving a sourcing team. The resources folder is for all those ‘one off’ documents you might find that you’ve saved during your search, like presentation slides, random attendee lists, technical papers, event flyers, or summaries. It’s a quick and easy way for you to keep track of and manage these sources once you’ve examined them. I tend to bold or use additional icons to indicate sources I should pay closer attention to when exploring. News Articles Other Resources Pretty much the “Others” pile you invariably get when trying to organise anything. The home for all those “other” sources that don’t fit into any of the above categories. Hopefully, this gives you an insight into how I use mind maps for sourcing. I don’t claim that this method is necessarily the best way for managing your search, however, I suspect it would be to an extent; depending on the types of searches you perform. This system seems to work well for me. The transition from working solo on projects to a team effort has certainly been made possible with the ability for multiple users to collaborate on a single map in real time. For us Oceanic users who are somewhat further from the MindMeister servers in Frankfurt, Germany, I’ve noticed a marked increase in functionality when collaborating on maps with multiple users with the release of MindMeister 6. Ken Hew is the Director of Quest Research, a Passive Talent sourcing firm based in Sydney, Australia. Having had a life-long love affair with computers since he was eight, an innate sense of curiosity, and a strong interest in people, he has always had a natural affinity towards research and sourcing. Still an active sourcing practitioner, he takes a systems approach to conducting searches and emphasizes the need to harness both Internet research and phone-based sourcing. Ken blogs at sourcingninja.net. Get started with mind mapping

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Chivalry by the Knight and...

Different Perspectives of Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire in Canterbury Tales In the medieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true Christian gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The Squire is in fact the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possesses none of these qualities truly, instead his demeanor is a shell that encloses a less†¦show more content†¦Also, the Knight had been fighting in the East and in Africa, areas that had been conquered by heathen Turks, the major enemy of the Christian religion at that time, while the Squire had been fighting only the regional rivals near England and France. Although the Squire had done valiantly in little space in these battles, he had not distinguished himself from his peers, a fact that is implied when it is said that he had only seen some service with the cavalry. Even service with the cavalry was less dangerous than other divisions and was compulsory to the service of the king, and the Squire had pursued no noteworthy extemporaneous errands in the interest of chivalry like his father. The Knight, on the other hand, was very distinguished and chiv alrous simply because of his unconditional dedication: In fifteen mortal battles he had been And jousted for our faith at Tramissene Thrice in the lists, and always killed his man. This same distinguished knight had led the van Once with the Bey of Balat, doing work For him against another heathen Turk; Another facet of the Squires distracted attitude was the notion that He could make sons and poems and recite, / Knew how to joust and dance, to draw and write and so had dissipated his time and energy to many other things. In contrast, the KnightShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Knight And His Tale2835 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of the Knight and His Tale in The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales, a poem consisting of several tales told by various pilgrims, is perhaps the most well known work of Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales Chaucer introduces the pilgrims in the general prologue many of the pilgrims in a satirical manner. In prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduces the Knight as â€Å"a true perfect gentle-knight,† (5) who exemplifies the code of chivalry. The tale that the Knight later narratesRead More A Comparison Of The Knight And The Squire In Chaucers The Canterbury1215 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribed by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possessesRead MoreA Comparison of the Knight and the Squire in Chaucers the Canterbury1254 Words   |  6 Pagesmedieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humilityRead More The Tale of Youth1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tale of Youth Chaucer’s Squire’s tale has often been disregarded by critics as fragmentary, incoherent, and â€Å"a rambling narrative.† (Lawton 106) These characteristics shed a malevolent light on the tale, and raise questions on the unfinished status in the Canterbury Tales. The argument presents itself due to the interruption of the narrative by the Franklin leaving it without the ending, which has been foreshadowed earlier in the tale. The answer to this enigma is â€Å"pure speculation.† (LawtonRead MoreCanterbury Tales Analysis841 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer gives a detailed description of what life was like in Medieval times . In the â€Å"Prologue†, the reader comes to better understand the people of the time period through the characters words and actions. Chaucer uses a variety of groups of society to give the reader a deeper insight into the fourteenth century Pilgrims customs and values. Through the Court, Common people and the Church, Gregory Chaucer gives a detailed description of ordinary life in the medieval timesRead MoreThe Perfection Of The Knight In The General Prologue Of1128 Words   |  5 Pages The perfection of the knight in The General Prologue of the Canterbury Tales represents an idealized form of chivalry. Through exhaustive conquest and moderate temperament, the knight embodies chivalric qualities that elevate him to an idealized state. Moreover, the knight is temperamentally moderate despite his martial successes and his merit is unmatched by any other knight. Being in such high prestige, the knight has inherent discretional rights in deciding what is or isn’t true knighthood.Read MoreCanterbury Tales Character Analysis1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales is a written work, by Geoffrey Chaucer, that is a representation of the society he lived in. His work portrays the feudal system during the medieval times and how each level of livelihood was a character, whose personalities reflect how Chaucer and his culture view them. During his time, his society regarded the Christian Church as corrupt and manipulative, with a few clergy who are honest and genu ine in their exertion. Therefore, the ecclesiastical persona has the dispositionsRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Style Of Literature956 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the period of the Medieval Times (449-1485) many different themes and ideas evolved and shaped the literary world in a new way. During these times, there were expectations of all people, Knights were to act with chivalry and dignity, Monks were to solely practice faith and religion, and ordinary people were to have morals. These expectations were just a few of the things that would be considered Anglo Saxon beliefs, the most popular form of literature of this time. The poems, plays, epicsRead MoreKnight And Squire In The Canterbury Tales Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales were written by Geoffrey Chaucer the 1300s, and told the story of twenty-nine travelers making a pilgrimage to Canterbury, England. The pilgrims wished to visit the relics of Saint Thomas Becket, in the Canterbury Cathedral. In the prolo gue, the narrator depicts each character and their demeanor. Two particular characters in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the Knight and Squire, help to exemplify the idea that wisdom and respect come with experience and age. The Knight’s wisdom andRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales906 Words   |  4 PagesIn the general prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer reveals his dissatisfaction of the distribution of power and how that power was maintained in the Medieval England estate system, through the use of his physical description of each of the pilgrims and by the personality of specific members of each caste. To portray these characters and the flaws that they represent in actual medieval society, Chaucer heavily relies on the use of irony to describe many of the travelers in

Persuasive Essay On Poverty - 1454 Words

The definition and viewing of poverty is a topic that many find highly debatable and close to the heart. Poverty is what most people see as not having enough to live on, and struggling to get anything more. Race and location are often looked at in conjunction to poverty. The author of the first article, McMillian, focuses on redefining poverty to a general audience by limiting her word choice and choosing a more personal appeal to the intended audience. In the other article, the authors Fram, Miller-Cribbs, and Van Horn write for an expert audience of social workers to frame the cause of achievement gap in U.S. southern schools by increasing their credibility through specialized language and resources. By examining the specialized language†¦show more content†¦She finds herself questioning, â€Å"Who, exactly, did I think was poor?† She concludes that she and most of the public find race and poverty are frequently equated to each other with no explanations as to why except for what they were brought up to believe. Her paper challenges her audience, the general public, to rethink the definition of poverty. McMillian brings to light that poverty should not be a point of racial contention but rather a common ground. As opposed to this, the second article finds race to be one of the factors that can contribute to poverty. In Fram, Miller-Cribbs, and Van Horn’s scholarly article the framework being focused on is the cause of poverty while acknowledging the causes that most social workers believe. The article focuses on environmental factors being a bigger cause than race when coming to poverty. â€Å"Although race looms large in southern understanding of daily life, we find that family structure, maternal attributes, peers’ skill levels, and rural and nonrural location are more salient in explaining differences in children’s achievement† (318). This quote shows that factors other than race contribute to the likelihood of poverty, mainly environmental factors. By finding more causes of poverty than just the previously understood factors, the authors are hoping to shift the audience’s attention to the new domains. The shift is to help bring an understanding as to the causes ofShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Poverty785 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is increasingly becoming a global problem. More people living in first world countries have become aware of the poverty in many third world countries. Recently, governments have been debating on whether we should provide aid to these countries or not. Although aid supporters claim that our help will completely revolutionize the situation in third world countries, the truth is that we do not know the full situation of these people and most of the donation attempts do not actually help. FirstRead MorePersuasive Essay On Poverty1117 Words   |  5 PagesEvery Child Deserves the Education They Desire In her inspiring speech, â€Å"How America’s Public Schools Keep Kids in Poverty,† Kandace Sumner portrays the problem being distributed throughout the public schools of America with the inequality being dispersed to colored children as well as low-income societies to the public schools, parents of children, and the overall communities. As a teacher and mother of colored kids, Sumner is more aware of the unfair issue occurring throughout the public schoolRead MorePersuasive Essay On Poverty1875 Words   |  8 PagesAlex Nielson Professor Belk English 2010-H12 18 September 2017 Poverty: Choice or Lack of? All throughout my life, I have been constantly reminded by my parents, teachers, and by various other authority figures to always make sure I am making good, educated choices in everything I do. Actually, that s not completely true. I wasn t just reminded to make good decisions, I was, and still am, expected to make good decisions. I was taught that my choices would determine where I ended up in lifeRead MorePersuasive Essay : Success Life Comes When You And The Brink Of Poverty 1240 Words   |  5 Pagesperson opens their minds to a whole new world of possibilities. They can take what they have learned from a person or animal, and influence their own life in a positive way. For example: a book written about an Olympian who rose from the brink of poverty, can show a reader that things will, at one point, look up and life will get better. Melba Pattillo Beals, a member of the Little Rock Nine, found the strength within herself to endure seemingly endless strife to improve the liv es of future generationsRead Moreminimum wage1601 Words   |  7 Pagesminimum wage on businesses in hope for reduced poverty and increasePremium 1355 Words 6 Pages Should Minimum Wage Increase? Should Minimum Wage Increase? I have many reasons why I do not think minimum wage needs to increase at this time. We need to look at the reasons for minimum wage. We must look at the amount of time the current minimum wage has been in effect. The affect on the economy needs to be well...Premium 892 Words 4 Pages Persuasive Research on Minimum Wage ï » ¿Lee Prutsman Sarah HannawayRead MoreEssay on The Persuasive Text 836 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of a persuasive text is to change or alter the viewpoint of the reader for it to agree with the author’s perspective. The intention of this specific text is to persuade the reader to help end poverty today by joining ‘Make Poverty History’ and it uses persuasive language and techniques to do this – this essay will explain the effect on the reader and will focus on analysing persuasive language. Pronouns are an effective persuasive language technique because they address the reader directlyRead MoreEssay about Persuasive Speech: The Benefits of Volunteering1127 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems in our community that affect many people. II. Body A. Main Point: The problems in our community are great and affect us all in one way or another. Internal Preview: Increases in poverty are causing many community issues. 1. Supporting Material: There are families that are living in poverty in our community that have significant needs that need to be addressed. a. According to the CDC, there has been a steady increase in preventable childhood diseases. b. Many of these childrenRead MoreClassic Principal of Argument Essay example891 Words   |  4 Pageseffective. The logics and reasoning in an essay forms effectiveness based on information gathered from other sources (Dlugan, 2010). In the essay, â€Å"What the Water Revealed† written by Jim Wallis, uses his persuasiveness by, including all three appeals of the classical principles of argument. Willis implies the use of ethos, pathos, and logos to convey a convincing argument as it relates to the realities on poverty and race in America and today’s society. The essay reveals Jim Willis’ ethos argumentRead MoreWal Mart : A Necessary Evil? Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesWal-Mart: A Necessary Evil? It does not take a large amount of funding and private studies to see that Wal-Mart is a widely successful corporation that offers cheaper prices than their competitors. In Jack and Suzy Welch’s essay they argue that we should support businesses that help individuals, communities and whole economies prosper, they claim that, â€Å"Wal-Mart helps individuals, communities, and whole economies prosper† (161), so we should support Wal-Mart. On the other hand, Paul Krugman arguesRead MoreAnalysis of â€Å"The Singer Solution To World Poverty† Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿A Critique For â€Å"The Singer Solution To World Poverty† In the essay â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† philosopher Peter Singer addresses the issue of poverty by suggesting Americans give away most of their income to aid those in need. Singer believes that withholding income is the equivalence of letting a child starve to death. Therefore, Singer suggests the ethical thing to do to end world hunger is to give up everyday luxuries. Although donating a vast amount of money could help dying

Legacy of Algeria Free Essays

Algeria remains one of France’s most valuable possessions during the colonial period. The country was a French colony for over a century until the early 1960s when nationalist agitation caused independence to be granted to the country. This form of revolt, which began gathering momentum in 1954 and lasted till 1962, is what became known as the Algerian War. We will write a custom essay sample on Legacy of Algeria or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though this war ended since 1962, the memories of the War are still present especially in France. Moreover, this war appears to be the most significant part of France’s involvement in Algeria. This essay will therefore look at the legacy created in France as a result of their involvement in Algeria. The essay will also examine the huge debates and controversies created by memories of the war in France. Aspects of brutality by the French police will equally be examined. Torture was a significant part of the Algerian and this aspect has sparked a series of debates and controversies in France ever since the war ended. During the more than one hundred thousand Algerians were tortured[1] by European born French police officers and pro-French Algerians who had been known to be very brutal when they handled matters relating to French Algerians in Paris. Several interrogation centers were created and the torture of Algerians by French auxiliary police was synonymous to these interrogation centers. Methods used where water torture, impaling on bottles and electric shocking.[2]   It was incidents like these that made the Algerian War to be labeled the most brutal in all colonial battles that France got involved in. In fact the conduct of the war welcomed a lot of criticisms from the French public without even bordering about the goals of the war. It is therefore no surprising that French men termed the war, â€Å"dirty war†.[3] Torture was so common to the extent that General Paul Aussaresses, whom at the time of the war was working with the French Special Service in Algeria and   who took part in the battle of Algiers, which was aimed at hunting and destroying Algerian fighters acknowledged the use of torture when he held that, Among the operations in which I participated, most led to interrogations. Others to simple liquidation, which occurred on the spot. . . . [T]hose who  arrived in Tourelles [an interrogation center] were considered to be so  guilty that they did not leave alive. . . . [T]orture was used systematically if  the prisoner refused to talk, which was often the case. Rarely were prisoners  who were interrogated at night alive in the morning. If they talked ornot,  Ã‚  they were generally neutralized. . . . Summary executions were an integral  part of the task of maintaining order[4] The employment of torture by French police in the Algerian war created a significant impact in France, years after the War was over. To begin with, it sparked up a huge debate in France and the issue was whether torture was used during the Algerian war. This debate has been going ever since the war ended. For instance, in 1979, the issue about torture became so popular, to then that public opinion had to be sampled to see those who believed that torture was part of France’s colonial rule in Algeria. More than 50% of opinions sampled confirmed that they believe torture had been part and parcel of the Algerian crisis.[5] In later year the issue received more recognition to the extent that, opinion polls showed 94% of the population holding the belief that torture had been employed by French police during the Algerian War. The legacy left behind by the Algerian had serious ramifications in French politics. The question on torture again received recognition for the role it played during presidential campaigns in France. This was the case of the presidential elections in France in France in 2002. During campaigns major candidates were demanded to justify their stance with regards to the use of torture Algerian war.[6] Majority of the candidates in this case were out rightly against torture.[7] In fact, ever since the war ended, the manner in which the war was handled has always aroused criticisms with emphasis placed on the use of torture. How ever, it is important to understand that French citizens have never really criticized the motive behind their involvement in Algeria. Instead, they criticize the manner in which the government reacted when things started going wrong in Algeria. The Algerian case also left it trade mark in the legal department in France. This is because, years after the incident, some of the perpetrators of what has been considered as cowardly acts have been brought before the court. Moreover, trials of this kind have drawn a lot of attention from the press. A case in point is the trial of Maurice Papon, who was the brainchild behind the suppression of Algerian demonstrators. Papon was a government functionary in France’s possessions in North Africa during the 1940s and 50s This case was presided over in Bordeaux by Jean Louis Castagnà ©dà ©s.[8] During this trial, Papon asserted that he was never in support of the use of torture. He pointed out the he was never in control of the military, the main perpetrators of these acts, therefore, there was little he could do to stop them.[9] Even though Papon was freed for medical reasons, this case went further to strengthen the legacy of the Algerian situation in France. For instance the case pushed writers to work and in the process a number of works on Papon were produced. General works were also written on Papon and his trial. One of such works was marc Olivier Bruch’s scholarly study of the French administration under Vichy, titled Pour Servir l’Etat Francaise. On the commercial level some of these works gained a lot of grounds. This could be seen in the steady variety of books, movies and television shows, which came out to help bring to light the degree of torture experienced during the Algerian adventure. One of these movies, perhaps the most commercially successful, titled Avoir Vingt ans dans l’Aures released in 1971 and the documentary La Guerre d’Algerie and a lot of other documentary revealed the hidden practices of the of the French army in Algeria.[10] In fact Pascal Ory has tried to summarize central theme underlying most of the French movies and documentaries on the Algerian war when hen he writes, â€Å"French cinema did everything it could to give the image of the Algerian War as a ‘dirty war’† Also, another history of French movies holds the position that â€Å"Torture obsesses the cinema of the Algerian War.[11] Most of these movies and documentaries have gained a lot of grounds on the commercial level. Another legacy left by the Algerian war in France has been the commemorations in France marking the 1961 massacre. This incident occurred when dozens of Algerians were peacefully marching in Paris on October 17 1961. These of Algerians were ruthlessly killed. During the early years of the French government acknowledged the need for regular commemorations to mark this incident. The most outstanding was that held on the occasion of the 40th anniversary. This event was commemorated with demonstrations, exhibitions, film showings, and a colloquium held in the National Assembly, with distinguished panelists and some of the survivors of the event.[12] The legacy created by the Algerian questions in France has created a lot of controversy in France. For instance, national petition came demanding that the 1961 massacre be labeled a crime against humanity. This petition was welcomed by many intellectual elites amongst them were Pierre Bourdieu, Maurice Agulhon, Madeleine Rà ©bà ©rioux, Jacques Derrida. Such calls pushed the Paris City Council to affix a plaque on the Seine Bridge where several Algerians were dumped in to the river Seine on the day of demonstration. It even took time before the decision on what was to be written on the plaque. The wordings were carved on the plaque affixed on the left bank of the bridge crossing River Seine: To the memory of all the Algerians killed during the bloody repression of the peaceful demonstration of 17 October1961.†[13] Many human right groups and leftist have also welcomed the position that that the massacre be considered a crime against humanity. Another area of controversy in the Algerian crisis is centered on the proper word to term it. The French never wanted to consider it a war, instead they less hard phrases such a move to maintain order have always been preferred. However, a new understanding stemming from the rising concerns of the occurrences during the conflict made the French parliament in 1999 to label the Algerian case a war. This new development seems to have weakened the stance of many with regards to the horrors of the conflict.[14] This indicates the impact created by the Algerian crisis in France if one considers the fact that the conflict has been a call for concern right in the French Assembly. Another area of controversy has been on the impact of trials like the case of Maurice Papon. People have been asking questions on whether it is necessary to try somebody for a crime committed some fifty years back. The French government sees it different. For instance, France which is one of those countries championing the course of democracy and human has to do something keep her credibility towards these this course. Moreover, it is imperative for trials of this kind to take place so that they could act as preventive measure for those who ever find their self in situations like the case in Algeria. Above all, there has also been a huge debate on the impact trials of this kind could have at the level of pedagogy. From the above, it is clear that the Algerian question has left a big scar on the French society judging from the memories of the war, which keeps circulating in France and among French people and Algerians. Moreover, some people still remain divided on certain aspects of the war and it is this situation that has sparked up controversies when talking about the Algerian war. Reference Cohen, William B. â€Å"The Algerian War and the Revision of France’s Overseas Mission†. Project Muse. Golsan, Richard J. â€Å"Vichy Afterlife† History and Counter History in Postwar France. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. [1] William B. Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War and the Revision of France’s Overseas Mission†, Project Muse, 228. [2] Richard J. Golsan, â€Å"Vichy Afterlife† History and Counter History in Postwar France (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 167. [3] Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War †, 229. [4] Ibid, 232. [5] Ibid, 230. [6] Ibid, 236. [7] Ibid. [8] Golsan, â€Å"Vichy Afterlife†, 158. [9] Ibid, 162. [10] Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War †, 229 [11] Ibid, 229. [12] Ibid, 234. [13] Ibid, 235. [14] Cohen 231 How to cite Legacy of Algeria, Essay examples

Believe and Succeed free essay sample

â€Å"Up next the junior jumper, Tyler J,† says the announcer. I start my approach. I think I’m flying. I’ve never felt so free. It’s as if my life was bound for this. Then I come down. I hear a loud, but clear voice: â€Å"22 feet 7 ? inches.† I think Im dreaming. Did I, Tyler J, break the long jump record at my school? My grandma told me I would be good at track, but stubbornly, I never listened. Freshman year passed, and during sophomore year, I thought about track as my grandma texted me, reminding me track would be perfect fit. I thought about it, but I passed up the opportunity once again. Junior year was the year I went out for track. I felt comfortable with my new environment at school and I was sick of the consist nagging of my grandma. Track ended up being my strong suit, as I participated at conference in the 100 M, 200 M, high jump, and long jump. We will write a custom essay sample on Believe and Succeed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the day of conferences, I found out my dog was put down. It was hard for me, but Coach Newman told me God has great things in store for me and I just need to realize what opportunity was in front of me. I didn’t know how to believe him, but I did. As I set up at the blocks for 100 M, I shut my eyes and took a deep breath. BOOM! The pop from the gun gets my feet going and running. â€Å"Go, Tyler, go!† The only thing Im hearing is that shriek from my coach and teammates. On the final stretch, I’m at least two steps ahead of everyone. I received first place at 10.8 seconds. Long jump was next. Coach Newman congratulated me on my performance. My heart was at ease and I focused on my next event. I set up for my first jump. As I started my approach, I take off, I don’t want come down, but I did. I hear, â€Å"17.8.† And needed better. My coach talked to me as the other jumpers went. He said something I’ll never forget: â€Å"Tyler, just smile and it will be a beautiful day. You’ll see.† I didn’t understand him, but then it hit me. I don’t need to dwell on the things I lost. God has great things for me–even if I don’t meet his standards or I do something wrong or I make mistakes. I can be great. At that moment, I get called up. Starting my second approach, I take off. â€Å"18.6,† says the announcer. Just be me, I tell myself. On my third approach, â€Å"19.1,† says the announcer. At that point, I was .3 off of the record of my high school. On my final approach, I ran as fast and as hard as I could. I take off. I launch myself and fall into the pit feet first and hurling forwards. I’m waiting as they measure my distance. I hear, â€Å"22.7 feet ? inches.† My coach gives me a big hug. He tells me I did a great job. I did something only I could do for myself. I was being me. I still made a name for myself. I know what I’m capable of and what I can accomplish. I don’t leave unhappy. I stick to what I want to succeed in. Even if I fail, it’s part of life and I understand that. My grandma knew something about me I didn’t yet know about myself. She knew if I tried at something you won’t succeed at it, effort is key. I can do anything if I put work into it. And in almost breaking the school record, I did just that. I was myself, even if it isn’t as you wanted it to be.

The Day of Surprise Essay Example For Students

The Day of Surprise Essay Thats so cool! I exclaimed. In my hand was a Valentines Day card which folded to make a spaceship. I was in a Hallmark card shop with my father, looking at cards for the upcoming holiday. If I got you that card now, then it wouldnt be a surprise later, my father logically stated. But its neat! See, it folds into a spaceship. Ill get it for you but just act surprised for your mother when you open the card. Okay dad, I answered as we walked up to the counter. My father paid for the card and we left the store. It was a week before Valentines Day in 1987. I was nine years old and intensely anxious. Expectation for February 14 had overcome every other thought I previously had. It might seem funny to some that I held that one day with such great esteem, but to me it was unlike any other holiday. On Valentines Day I felt loved by everyone. On that day, I would obtain the card that I had picked out from my father. We will write a custom essay on The Day of Surprise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Classmates would give everyone Valentine cards. Some extremely generous kids would even attach candy to the cards. It didnt matter if you hated each other, on Valentines Day everyone put aside their differences and even presented cards to the children nobody liked. That one day of love seemed to unify the worst of foes through love and forgiveness. I could hardly wait for that day to come. As the night before Valentines Day had rolled around, anticipation had escalated to an all time peak. Nevertheless, it was all set aside as my parents once again started to fight. My brother and I were sent to the car in the garage so that we would not witness them fighting. We knew the routine. I was scared and I could still hear angry voices dueling back and forth. My brother was a senior in high school and even he seemed frightened when they fought. Although he tried to hide his fear, I knew he was afraid when my father would go on a rampage. An hour passed by and my brother and I decided to go back inside. The house was still. A pin could have dropped and we would of heard it. My father had gone to lay down in his bed. This action was suggested by the marriage counselor that my parents had been visiting. Whenever my father got angry, he was supposed to rest until he calmed down. The problem was that he would lay down after he had let out all his anger, verbally or physically. My mother came downstairs. She had gathered some stuff together. Come on, get your jackets and get in the car. After we went to our rooms to get our coats, we went outside and got into our old station wagon that my brother used to drive to school. My brother put the car in neutral and coasted out of our driveway and down the hill. At the bottom of the hill he turned the ignition and drove to a friends house to stay for the evening. My mother called my father from there. I was down in the basement with the two children of the family, talking to them. I mentioned that my parents might get divorced, but in my stomach I knew they wouldnt. How could my parents even discuss such a thing on Valentines Day? Besides, we were talking about my mother and my father. Divorcing only happens to other kids parents. I felt comforted as I drifted off to sleep. The next morning when I woke up, I was sick to my stomach. My allergies to the familys two Siamese cats must have acted up. My mother told me we were going home so to get dressed. We arrived home shortly. As we drove into the driveway I noticed all of the curtains were shut. .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 , .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .postImageUrl , .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 , .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94:hover , .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94:visited , .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94:active { border:0!important; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94:active , .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94 .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c04d1d6e3780ae4fa643a15fce2ca94:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 12 Angry Men Essay We opened the door and stepped into the dark house. I looked around for my father but he wasnt there. I had learned that my father went to stay with a coworker. Where did Valentines Day go? Had I missed it? The whole idea of Valentines Day is to celebrate love and togetherness. Yet the decision to separate had come on this day of unity. I felt nauseous. My mother comforted me and told me my fathers move was temporary. However I now knew what was happening; this .

Sasha Gutierrez Essays (904 words) - Psychiatry, Psychology, Abuse

Sasha Gutierrez Essays (904 words) - Psychiatry, Psychology, Abuse Sasha Gutierrez Krystal Moret Sarah Jorgensen Tomas silva Amy Bermudez 10/25/2016 Psy 100 Buildings, cars, lamp posts, citizens, everything quaked as one of the twin towers began to cascade clown towards the Manhattan streets. sounds of screaming can be heard miles away as people ran for their lives. The ash from the towers can be noticed from as far as New Jersey and Staten island. September 11th 2001 represented the day of the largest act terrorism in the united states history. Approximately 3000 people were killed in New York city alone. terrorism can be best defined as the use of violent acts to frighten the people in an area as a way of trying to achieve a political goal (Meriam webster learner's dictionary). The act of terrorism is a very serious issue that progresses to become a more dangerous situation to citizens around the world. Many perilous individuals plot hazardous plans to commit acts of many innocent people develop disorders and severe long lasting psychological effects that can cause death. psychologist conducted a study to determine the wide spread pres ence of psychopathologic disorders . Terrorism could be represented as a virus that slowly destroys they everyday functions of society by slowly consuming the structure with its ideas and thoughts through violence . terrorism is a very serious issue that is happening in the present and even more significant threat in the future. The most popular psychological explanation for terrorism involves disruptive or psychopathological personalities. Martha Crenshaw demonstrates terrorism when she says "terrorists resort to violence as a willful choice and that terrorism as a course of action is an alternative" (post m.jerroled 25).in this she explains that terrorists commit their dangerous acts willingly. To gain excitement and to achieve a goal of frightening citizens of the area. Many social psychologist study to explain the psychological characteristics of terrorist. Most researchers suggested that the process of a terrorist group is heavily influenced by the prevailing political and social environment shared by friends and r elatives. Growing up in an environment marked by radical ideas and values can lead to one to join a terrorist group. People use terrorism to drag down the state by creating s perception of corruption through the promotion of sabotaging the political economic system. The attack in New York on September 11th 2001 threatened the supply line distribution by the attack of resource movement and transportation methods. The attack also created heightened anxiety which affected the people daily lives. Most could not go to work or travel because of a threat of being hurt. The possible motivation of terrorism can be described by Martha Crenshaw when says" terrorist are action-oriented, aggressive people who are stimulus hungry and seek excitement. Particularly striking is the reliance placed on the psychological mechanisms of "externalization and splitting psychological mechanisms found in individual's with narassistic and borderline personality disturbances" (post M Jerrold 27). here she expl ains that terrorist are self-assertive and hostile people who crave violence. Some individuals who suffer from disorders are more prone to committing acts of terrorism. The act of 9/11 effected many lives in numerous ways. Ways such as health complications, property damage, and loss of loved ones. post-traumatic stress depression (ptsd) and depression are two commonly psychological disorders studied after the 9/11 attack. Ptsd is the mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life threatening event , natural disasters , and sexual assault. Depression is a brain disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, which causes significant impairment in a daily life. Immediately following the attack three national studies found widespread post-traumatic stress symptoms in the general united states population. Within the first week after 9/11 (scuster et at 2001) conducted a national random digit - dial telephone survey of 560 adults and found that 44% of the participants reported substantial stress reactions. (schuser et al 2001). Researchers also found that within the first mo nth, 12% of individuals reported acute stress symptoms and 8.9% reported symptoms involving functional impairment. studies taken together show initial evidence that the 9/11 attacks are significantly associated with ptsd symptom's in the general united states populations Another tragic terrorism experience that happened was the Boston Marathon. On April

Teaching methods - literacy and reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teaching methods - literacy and reading - Essay Example A child’s interest in literature is essential for sound cognitive learning. Children’s writing skills are much influenced by the time and attention of the parents and teachers they receive in this regard. They begin by drawing random lines without any formal sense of colors or shapes. These random lines reflect the child’s approach towards self expression which is quite unstructured owing to the child’s immaturity. A child’s writing skills are much influenced by the time he spends in viewing alphabets and his reflection. The writing skills can be polished by making the child copy a line of words written by his tutor as he sees them. This art of language is naturally acquired by children as they observe people talk around them. However, the case is not the same with 2nd language acquisition. It is much easier for a child to learn his mother tongue as compared to the 2nd language that requires formal guidance and assistance of teachers and parents. The process starts with speaking individual alphabets that are then joined to form words, though not too large in the start. Listening is one of the most fundamental senses that a child is born with. No effort is required on the part of his parents and teachers to polish a child listening skills provided that he is not naturally deaf. In fact, a child’s ability to speak is fundamentally related to his ability to listen. Again, the problem may arise in case of listening and comprehending 2nd language. Children polish their ability to comprehend 2nd language by listening to songs and movies in the 2nd language. Just like listening, viewing is also one of the fundamental senses that are gifted by the nature to every child. The child gets the basic sense of life and the world by viewing and comprehending his surroundings. Without viewing and listening skills, a child can not interact with or respond to his surroundings. No one teaches a child how to see, he

Toxic sugar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toxic sugar - Essay Example Maturation effect, changes in research participants’ responses following numerous exposure to the study’s instrument is another major confound to the study (Goodwin, 2009). The study could be improved through implementing an experimental design over a short period. the design would randomly select research paericipants and organize them into strata with standard conditions. One group, a control group, would refrain from fruit consumption while each of the remaining groups would be subjected to single types of fruits and data collected, and tests performed, to determine incidence rates of type 2 diabetes among the participants (Muraki et. al., 2013). The researchers conducted the research themselves. Even though participant administered questionnaires were used, significant involvement in determination of participants’ consumption levels justifies the researchers’ role. Researchers’ participation in a research matter because it establishes grounds for evaluating reliability threats due to researchers’ bias. Not involvement communicates higher level reliability of a study. The researchers studies human subjects, people identified as women and men. The large number of participants used in the study, 66105 women, 36173 men and 85104 other women, was sufficient though there was no treatment. This means absence of placebo and treatment groups. Researchers in the study considered a 25 year period in which data was collected for different research participants. The period began in the year 1984 and ended in the year 2009 and was long enough for a longitudinal study (Muraki et. al., 2013).). The study was not a controlled experiment because its feature does not meen definition of a controlled experiments. Controlled experiments involved randomization of a study’s participants into groups that receive different treatments, characteristics that did not exist in

Role of Private Universities in Bangladesh Higher Education

Role of Private Universities in Bangladesh Higher Education Role of Private Universities in the Higher Education of Bangladesh: A Case Study on USTC from Strategic Marketing Perspective Abstract The true growth of an economy depends on the development of a nation and its citizens as human resources and higher education plays an inevitable role in such context. Bangladesh is also not an exception to this. At present there are more than 52 private universities in the country. Therefore, now what matters in this connection is not the number but the quality. A good university must ensure quality education for its students. But to be an international standard institution of higher education it is not an easy job for a university. USTC is such a university that has already established itself as a leading private university in Bangladesh with international reputation for excellence. In a decade, it has achieved excellence in education in different disciplines through its dynamic and effective academic leadership. Due to stiff competition in the education sector in Bangladesh, private universities need to prove their quality and should develop constructive and effective marketing pr ograms and strategies for the purpose of survival as well as expansion.. Marketing products and marketing services are different. Some principles are the same, but marketing educational services need to consider many additional factors, changing the emphasis in some areas. It is not appropriate to use a products model for services marketing, as many of the additional concepts and principles, only applicable to marketing educational services, may be ignored or forgotten. This is because a strategic marketing approach has been followed to reveal the real scenario and condition in one hand and suggest the appropriate marketing strategies on the other hand. It is important for USTC to incorporate business acumen and marketing without delay. USTC is beginning to experience the reality of the world of business and finance and, as the competition increases, the aspects such as formulating marketing planning in an appropriate and scientific manner, marketing the right educational services b y the USTC, marketing of the USTC must be to the correct customers in the most appropriate places, the price of the educational packages should be right, marketing of USTC should be undertaken at the most effective time, etc., need to be ensured for timely consideration. This research paper examines the present situation of the USTC with a realistic evaluation of SWOT analysis aiming to develop constructive and effective educational service marketing plans, programs and strategies through the careful application and evaluation of strategic models and matrixes. This paper also includes key points which are based upon sound experience. There is a brief outline of the changes in the education sector within the last ten years, which have resulted in the need for realistic marketing. The models used here include Ansoff’s Matrix, Boston Consulting Group’s Matrix and SWOT Analysis to make the strategic marketing plans, programs and strategies suggested for the private univers ity industry in general and the USTC in particular more pragmatic and focused. 1. Introduction Distinguished economists and scientists have alluded to the importance of the growth of human knowledge through formal educational processes that plays significant role in the development of the economy of Bangladesh. Education is, of course, an investment for the future. A country that deliberately devotes a pro-portion of its resources for education and to improve the skills and abilities of its young people expects to see change in its economic and social performance in the years ahead. Education is seen as the essential factor for rapid economic growth and formal education controlled by the state as the indispensable instrument for improving the productive capacities of a population. Education or human resource development is termed as a powerful tool in achieving the economic development by providing the people with the necessary skills upon which development depends on. It spreads opportunity and creates hope, having a leveling and equalizing effect on society and creating a new class of persons owing their position to education and ability rather than birth. Actually, the purpose of education is to bring economic, social, political, cultural development and also mental, environmental, physical development of human being. It bring changes in human behavior and social mobility. It is the best investment for human being. The public sector institutions of the country are in utter disarray. Regularly increasing demand and inadequate facilities, and additionally the absence of conducive atmosphere in the campuses are driving away large number of students every year to our neighboring country and elsewhere. And, of course, those who can afford are going, and the rest leave their future on to their lucks. In such a frustrating situation, creating private sector facilities, under the provision of the Private University Act-1992, has brought a great relief for the students and their parents or guardians. Traditionally there has been little competition within higher education systems and it is believed that more intense competition between similar institutions for faculty, students, and resources will help improve standards by rewarding merit and performance. Competition also generally promotes beneficial innovations and overall quality improvements. It is also important to note that competition is exceedingly difficult to achieve through central decree, but requires a high degree of autonomy for academic institutions, allowing them to exploit their strength and overcome weaknesses. Adequate market information is also essential; without it, institutions will continue to thrive even when are weak. Service markets, and in particular educational provider markets, have changed significantly in the last 15 years in Bangladesh. Education providers in Bangladesh face intense competition and must, therefore, take a vigorous approach to marketing. As the importance of higher education increase s more and more, it becomes absolutely essential to formulate its overall objectives and goals, content, organization and strategies etc. It is important to integrate marketing into the everyday business of education provision, although marketing is frequently seen as difficult by education providers in Bangladesh. One of the first actions for any education provider in Bangladesh is to define the term ‘marketing’. Faltermeyer (1994) suggests that many people, involved in the role of marketing, are not only unable to define the term, but generally regard ‘selling’ as being the same as marketing. Leppard and McDonald (1991) suggest that the organizations which attempt to subscribe to a full marketing process will be further along the pathway of evolutionary development, in terms of likely success for the education provider. It is important to remember that, although an education provider may have a marketing consultant, leader and/or co-coordinator, marketing is part of the role of all staffs employed in the organization (academic institution). If the USTC intends to be successful, and remain so in the competitive market, it needs to develop its marketing strategy carefully. When customers (students) begin to realize that other organizations (private universities) are ab le to deliver high quality courses at prices (tuition fees and other charges) lower than those of the USTC, business will be lost. It is, therefore, vital for everyone in the private university industry in general and USTC in particular to possess and implement the marketing philosophy in their areas of concentration and to be student centric. 2. Review of Literature The positive role of private Universities in the higher education in Bangladesh is now undeniable (Siddique 2005). The epoch-making Private University Act was passed in 1992. To meet the increasing demand for higher education and develop skilled, efficient and competent manpower the then Government felt the need for establishing private universities and approved the Private University Act 1992. Islam S. (2003) states that education was seen as the essential factors for rapid economic growth and formal education controlled by the state, as the indispensable instrument for improving the production capacities of a population. Most countries of the world are now facing the dilemmas of having to satisfy the need of the increased demand for education (Islam S. 2003). Higher education system needs to be flexible if they are to be the most effective (Muzaffar A.T. and Khan A.H. 2004). Education systems need to be able to adapt quickly to changing enrolment levels, to the rise and fall of dif ferent fields of study and to changes in the mix of skills demanded in the labor market. Muzaffar and Khan (2004) also argued that open systems are more likely to keep pace with significant external changes. Field (1991) indicated that the marketplace philosophy will be a necessity in education. Matin M.A. (2003) mentioned that still there is the necessity of many more private universities in the country, but they must not be allowed to grow in an unplanned way’. It should be noted here that all the private universities operating in Bangladesh must take into account ethical considerations when developing their marketing plans and programs. Education providers provide various services to the students (customers) and they need to apply marketing tools and techniques at various levels. According to Kotler (1991) services marketing is ‘ any act of performance that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of any thing’ However as Kotler goes on to argue, no product is sold within the market place without an element of ‘service’ which may comprise a major part of the actual offer. Giles (1990) suggests t hat in market economy countries, the service sector has increased more than other industries. Stanton (1978) and Cannon (1986) indicate that the service is the central point of any marketing, i.e. the precise ‘product’ that the business is selling. There is, therefore, a wide variety of definitions. Stanton (1981) omits areas, such as credit facilities, from his definition. However, education providers may include credit facilities as an optional strategy to boost their uniqueness and the range of benefits that they can offer to the customer (student). An important point that needs recognition is that, if an organization wishes to be ‘market driven, it must be close to the customer. To do this effectively, it must adopt the principles of marketing. Levitt (1960) argues that satisfying the needs of the customer will create a cyclical process, which will generate further demand for the courses on offer. This parallels the Donabedian (1966) cycle of quality: product-process-outcome and, indeed, the work by Gronoroos (1984), who identified that there were three dimensions of service quality: outcome-process-perception. Both Lovelock (1984) and Bateson (1989) contend that marketing services in the not-for-profit sectors and marketing services in the profit sector are substantially different, in that the objectives of the organizations will produce marketing programmes which are manifestly diverse. Services are identified by four characteristics that differential them from products. Zeithaml et al (1990) and Beaven and Scotti (1990 ) identified these characteristics as (a) intangibility (b) perishability (c) inseparability and (d) heterogeneity. Some authors consider a fifth characteristic, the issue of ‘ownership’ (Lovelock, 1984; Cowell, 1991). Many leading authors suggest that there are limited applications for using a traditional marketing model for services (Shostack, 1977; Gronroos, 1978; Lovelock, 1981). They argue that the models, or tools, used for products cannot be simply transferred to services. Octon (1983) states that to define a not for profit sector organization is rather difficult, and such departments within universities need to make a profit in order to remain viable. With the ever increasing demands on the Universities budgets, cost effectiveness is clearly on the agenda. 3. Rationale of the Study In the business strategy of any service provider organization, be it profit related or a not-for-profit sector organization, there are fundamental requirements. The USTC must develop an effective marketing strategy so that its objectives are clearly focused and the customer segmentation it intends to serve is appropriately identified. Within this ‘marketing strategy’ or ‘marketing plan’, the organization should be able to define its competitive edge, i.e. what advantages it has over its competitors. This marketing plan will also act as a set of sales forecasts and a budget by providing a solid framework for the marketing activities of the USTC. To adopt such a strategy means that the personnel required to develop marketing plans based on the expert knowledge and experience regarding the market issues, such as the competition, the customers and the best way to provide and consolidate the niche in the market that has been recognized. Unfortunately, as educatio n providers in Bangladesh move into the business arena, there is tendency to believe that no additional guidance or support is required to undertake this co-ordination and lead in marketing. This may then lead to marketing being conceived as a separate function, which has nothing to do with the achievement of the corporate business strategy and therefore, the mission statement. Moreover it is assumed that present marketing strategies of USTC is not up to the mark to gain competitive advantages in the very dynamic and challenging market. Considering the present condition and the importance of marketing this paper will emphasize on the development of a service centric comprehensive and constructive strategic marketing approach, policies and active plans. 4. Objectives of the Study The objective of the paper is to bring into focus the marketing issues that need to be taken into account by the private universities in general and the USTC in particular. It will investigate the prevailing marketing system, as employed by the USTC and how to utilize the strengths and opportunities and deal with the recent problems related to marketing and business. 5. Scope of the Study The present study is confined to the review of the present condition and formulation of a marketing plan for the USTC. The study will not be limited to the present data alone. The future growth of the USTC will be given due consideration. The limit of the future growth of the study will be decided by mutual agreement between USTC and the management of research team. Although the USTC is facing problem from the various types of management, administration and marketing issues, this paper will concentrate only on the strategic issues of educational service marketing. The study area will be limited within Chittagong and Dhaka. However, the study will include all the faculties and departments of the USTC to make the study more pragmatic and focused. 6. Methodology of the Study The study is based on both the primary and secondary data for an in-depth survey of various departments of the USTC. A sampling plan and questionnaire have been prepared for the collection of the primary data. Secondary data available in the various research reports and the data base of the USTC have also been considered. Questionnaires have been distributed to the randomly selected students, officers, teachers, administrator and other important stakeholders of the USTC. Interview of intellectuals, people from various professions will help evaluating their opinions on problem that they face in the USTC and other private universities in Bangladesh. The students under a course work assignment have been divided as field workers into a number of groups to visit various departments and faculties for collecting and recording the opinions of the concerned and evaluating their operations and marketing functions. In the study to develop effective and comprehensive marketing programs and strat egies, the BGC Model, Anosoff’s Matrix, and SWOT Analysis have been conducted. 7. Scenario of Higher Education in Bangladesh Most of the higher education providing institutions in the developing world are in the public sector. They are built, financed and staffed by the government. Since about 1950 there has been a rapid acceleration in the rate of growth of demand for educational services at all levels, the most notable at the level of higher education in the college and university level. In Bangladesh the demand for educational services started increasing since early 80s. As per Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, in 1992 the number of medical colleges, engineering colleges and universities were 17 (Govt. 13, Non Govt-4), all Govt. and 17 (Govt. 11. non govt. 6) respectively. But only a small percentage of these students gets the opportunity for higher education in the country. Besides, vast majority of those having higher education cannot find job opportunity. These clearly indicate the discrepancy between the need and the resources. This is not the whole truth. The education offered today is vastly non-pr oductive. Hence, the existing educational system has produced a large population of educated unemployed. It is now an admitted fact that no Government can employ all educated people both in the developing and the developed countries. While a country needs a large number of technically qualified persons in the various fields, the number of this group is far too small to satisfy the need of the country. This is applicable for all branches of technical education e.g. medical, engineering, agricultural, pharmaceutical, business studies. In fact in all technical branches need many more qualified personnel than are available today. And yet avenues for education in these specific fields are limited. As a result, the number of Bangladeshi students studying abroad is almost three times more than the number studying in all our Universities, Engineering and Medical Colleges. These are the rich and the privileged groups. They do not suffer the consequences and in fact they take it as a pride to send their boys and girls for studies abroad. Not even for moment they think how much they are depriving the country of the hard earned foreign exchange and degrading the prestige of the nation in the eyes of the outside world. What is even more important is that the outcomes of such ventures are nothing less than fatal for the country. Most of these students who are trained abroad are a great loss for the nation and some of them even hesitate to identify themselves as Bangladeshis. Bringing up in a different cultural environment where family link is too loose and the religious bondage is very weak it is rather too much to think of bringing them back to their homeland. 8. Background of the USTC The journey of USTC began on May 13, 1989 with the establishment of the Institute of Applied Health Sciences (IAHS) along with 42 students. It continued to function as an Institute under the University of Chittagong. The University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC) was established as a full-fledged Private University soon after the Private University Act 1992 came into force when IAHS became its constituent body. The Janasheba Foundation was its sponsoring organization and National Professor Dr. Nurul Islam was appointed as the Founder Vice Chancellor of the USTC by the Chancellor of the University and the President of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Since then USTC started functioning with two faculties, namely, the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Basic Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. The MBBS and B. Pharm (Hon.) Programs are offered by these two faculties. These two faculties have been doing more than expectations and it is a matter of pride that t he USTC has almost 33% foreign students today. The USTC has opened up a new horizon for the business community of the country by launching a new faculty entitled â€Å"The Faculty of Business Administration† which is indeed, another bold step by the USTC in fulfilling its mission of expansion of higher education through private initiative. Another Faculty entitled ‘Faculty of Science. Engineering and Technology (Department of Computer Science and Engineering) has been functioning with encouraging response from the students. As global economies and communities in transition continue to present new challenges to solve, the necessity of lifelong learning continues to grow. Considering this USTC started operating in Bangladesh to develop unique and innovative programs, to provide learners of Bangladesh with new skills and capabilities and to tap into the emerging knowledge of our complex and changing world. The USTC is significantly able to maintain international linkages as well and it also remains solely dedicated to placing knowledge in the hands and minds of the learners. Sources of Fund and Janasheba Foundation Over and above the donations received from some philanthropists and the Anwara – Nur Welfare Trust, obligatory contribution by the guardians for the development activities in addition to admission fees have been the financial resources of the institution so far. In order to safeguard the interest and protect the project, the need for establishing a trust (Foundation) was keenly felt. Janasheba Foundation was thus formed and registered with the Societies Act XXI of 1860 in 1991 with National Professor (Dr) N. Islam as its Founder – Chairman. Activities of the Foundation include Community Health, Social Welfare and Technical Education. The USTC is thus a logical outcome of this program. IAHS/USTC in International Forum IAHS became reputedly known at International level because of its Founder-Chairman the renowned National Professor Dr. Nurul Islam. In 1978 there was a major International Conference at Almaata which recommended expansion of Community Based Medical Education. The Coordinator of this effort was an organization in the Netherlands namely University of Limberg Mastrichtt City. It formed a Network of Community Based Educational Institutions for Health Science (in short Network). This Network was recognized by WHO and it was engaged in speedy expansion of Community Based Medical Education in the East and the West. The then Secretary – General of this Network Dr. Jacobus M. Gritt invited proposed IAHS to join the Network in October 1985 after hearing about the proposed IAHS activities and programmes from Dr. Nurul Islam Dr. Islam promptly submitted an application of membership on behalf of IAHS to the authorities of the Network. In 1986 the executive Committee of the Network granted Associate Membership to IAHS. That membership prompted the actual establishment of IAHS with the crowned success. In September 1987 Dr. Nurul Islam being invited by the Network attended its conference in Patia (Thailand) and took the opportunity to evaluate the experience of different countries in community based medial education. In 1990 from October 7 to 12 this Network held its â€Å"Second International Symposium on Problem Based Learning†. In this conference Prof. Nurul Islam joined along with one teacher and two students from IAHS. Present Status of USTC Located at the picturesque site near Foy’s Lake, the USTC has opened up a new horizon for the quality medical, pharmaceutical, business and modern technology education in the country. The primary objectives of establishing USTC are to improve the quality and standard of education in Science and Technology with special emphasis on medical, pharmaceutical and social sciences. It also aims at developing human resources at home and in the developing countries with special emphasis on the South-East Asia. The USTC is now operating through four faculties which are (i) the Faculty of Medicine (ii) the Faculty of Basic Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iii) the Faculty of Business Administration and (iv) the Faculty of Modern Science and Technology. The number of students of the USTC is more than 1500 of which more than 350 are from abroad including nationals of India, Jordan, Nepal, Malaysia, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, KSA, Sadan and UAE. The teacher – student ratio is 1:8 on an average. The courses offered in the USTC are MBBS, B. Pharm., B.Sc. in Computer Science and Technology and BBA. After passing the final MBBS examination, the doctors get provisional registration with the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council (BMDC) to take part in one year internship training as intern. After satisfactory completion of the training, they get permanent registration with the BMDC. Having had the privilege of establishing the university with IAHS as its first institute, the USTC did not have much difficulty in expanding its infrastructure. USTC is the first among the private universities which has it own infrastructure facilities including academic building, 250 bed hospital, large ad modern central library with a modern auditorium and two residential halls of which one is for female and the other for male. Female students reside in Gulmeher Hall and foreign students are accommodated in Sayedur Rahman International Hall. The hospital titled Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital is going to be extended into and another 500-bed Unit-II medical complex. Construction work is going to start a second campus of USTC in Dhaka. Side by side within a short time two post graduate programs, MBA and Family Medicine Diploma are now running in the Dhaka Campus. The academic plan of USTC is based on UGC approved courses and curriculum in which lectures are supplemented by tutorials, demonstrations and practical laboratory assignments. Sufficient lecture halls, tutorial rooms and laboratory facilities are available for all departments. The hospital is recognized by the Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons to offer postgraduate training in Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics and Pathology. Existing laboratory facilities are as per requirement of the BMDC and are now being expanded for OPD and indoor patients. USTC has academic partnership programmes with several foreign institutions. The USTC central library is going to be the largest medical library in Bangladesh with more than five thousand books, four thousand journals, and other resource materials. A newsletter is published from the library containing news about the university activities and useful information for the general practitioners in easily understandable way for health educati on. The focus of USTC education is its MBBS degree which lays emphasis on community exposure from the very beginning. The purpose is to produce physicians capable of working in a rural setup with limited facilities in different social environments. This helps in the growth of leadership among the trainees. The MBBS degree is recognized by the Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council, World Health Organization, General Medical Council of Great Britain, Ireland Medical Council, etc. USTC is a member of the International Network of Community Oriented Health Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands. And the B. Pharm. Degree is recognized by the Bangladesh Pharmacy Council. The present status and golden success of USTC is achieved by the members of the institution, under the strong leadership of Prof. (Dr) N. Islam. At present the USTC is a dynamic private university of further and higher education set on an exciting global expansion. It gives the students not only the opportunity to attain an internationally recognized degree but also to grow a knowledgeable and competent individual. This is because students study in a multi-cultural environment and get the chance to have a one-to-one professional relationship with the lecturers and management as a whole. Choosing the USTC today will definitely make the student a better person tomorrow. Since 1992 thousands of students have successfully taken the programs of USTC and utilized their qualifications to reach the highest levels in their chosen professions. A qualification gained through the USTC is a key to a successful and exciting future. 9. Findings It has been revealed from the study that the journey of the private university industry in Bangladesh is now going through the growth phase of its life cycle. So, a substantial amount of work is required to be done. However, the following points may be considered worthwhile for the successful performance of this industry in Bangladesh. 9.1 To cope with the societal needs and therefore, to become a center of excellence for medicine, hospitality management, business management, marketing, information technology, shipping and the other related fields in the education sectors, a number of creative leaders among the academicians and administrators of the private industry in general and the USTC in particular have to be developed who will actively contribute to learning and creation of knowledge. 9.2 USTC is a truly international institution of higher learning, attracting students from many different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. USTC reflects the needs of the global economy and world for well-trained professionals, able to speak English and one or more other languages with a solid International education combined with an international cultural background. Such graduates of USTC have excellent prospects of employment in the reputed companies in the various professions like Doctors, Executives, Pharmacists, Academician, IT Professional and many other professions. Prof. N. Islam wants to ensure that the USTC leading and representing the private university industry will make a significant contribution towards better international understanding by educating students in an international environment and preparing them for international careers. 9.3 The need of the individual student is taken very seriously and every effort is made to create a positive learning environment. Most of the USTC Professors have, in addition to their distinguished academic background, practical professional experience in their areas of concentration. Prof. (Dr) N. Islam is committed that the USTC will not only train and prepare students thoroughly for their future professional tasks, and give them a sound educational background but also will consciously prepare them for their future leadership role. This is achieved not only through special courses and seminars on leadership, but also is emphasized in the context of regular coursework. The faculties and administration of USTC are committed to the goal that students become imbued with the entrepreneurial spirit. At USTC the leader wants to prepare each student to take initiative and venture out on his or her own. The educational effort at USTC puts special emphasis on developing international and c ross cultural competencies through acquiring foreign language skills. 9.4 To improve the quality and standard of education in Science and Technology USTC has given special emphasis on the development of sound Computer, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Social Sciences Programs and courses. 9.5 To become a truly international institution attracting students from all cultural and ethnic backgrounds, USTC has already established alliance with the various associations and social institutions of the South-East Asia region and the Middle East. 9.6 All the students both national and international get benefited from the professionalism, knowledge and expertise of the faculty members and administrators of USTC. 9.7 To draw more attention from the students and the society USTC accepts the transfer of credits of the equivalent courses or programs of the UGC recognized universities. 9.8 In its all degree programs USTC has included a wide range of subjects which will familiarize the students with th

Jk Rowling

Although she writes under the pen name â€Å"J. K. Rowling† her name when her first Harry Potter book was published was simply â€Å"Joanne Rowling†. Her publisher Bloomsbury feared that the target audience of young boys might be reluctant to buy books written by a female author, and requested that she use two initials, rather than reveal her first name. Born on 31 July 1965 in Yate, Gloucestershire, England She attended St Michael's Primary School. Her headmaster, Alfred Dunn, has been suggested as the inspiration for the Harry Potter headmaster Albus Dumbledore. She attended secondary school at Wyedean School and College.Rowling has said of her adolescence, â€Å"Hermione [A bookish, know-it-all Harry Potter character] is loosely based on me. She's a caricature of me when I was eleven, which I'm not particularly proud of. † Rowling read for a BA in French and Classics at the University of Exeter, and after a year of study in Paris, she moved to London to work a s a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International. In 1990, while she was on a train trip from Manchester to London, the idea for a story of a young boy attending a school of wizardry â€Å"came fully formed† into her mind.She told The Boston Globe that â€Å"I really don't know where the idea came from. It started with Harry, then all these characters and situations came flooding into my head. † Rowling then moved to Porto, Portugal to teach English as a foreign language. [25] While there, on 16 October 1992, she married Portuguese television journalist Jorge Arantes. Their child, Jessica Isabel Rowling Arantes was born on 27 July 1993 in Portugal. [36] They separated in November 1993. [36]HYPERLINK l â€Å"cite_note-36†³[37]In December 1993, Rowling and her daughter moved to be near her sister in Edinburgh, Scotland. 18] During this period Rowling was diagnosed with clinical depression, and contemplated suicide. [38] It was the feeling of her ill ness which brought her the idea of Dementors, soul-sucking creatures introduced in the third book. [39] In 1995, Rowling finished her manuscript for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone on an old manual typewriter. The book was submitted to twelve publishing houses, all of which rejected the manuscript. [36] A year later she was finally given the green light (and a ? 1500 advance) by editor Barry Cunningham from Bloomsbury, a small British publishing house in London, England.Soon after, in 1997, Rowling received an ? 8000 grant from the Scottish Arts Council to enable her to continue writing. [49] The following spring, an auction was held in the United States for the rights to publish the novel, and was won by Scholastic Inc. , for $105,000. In June 1997, Bloomsbury published Philosopher’s Stone with an initial print-run of 1000 copies. Five months later, the book won its first award, a Nestle Smarties Book Prize. In February, the novel won the prestigious British Book Aw ard for Children’s Book of the Year, and later, the Children’s Book Award.

Genetically Engineered Foods Essay

Genetically engineered or genetically modified foods are foods that are simply the result of alteration in the original genes of an organism such as a plant or an animal in order to blot out a characteristic or trait of the original organism. Because this involves the transfer of genes, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s) are also known as â€Å"transgenic† organisms (Robert Sacerich-GMO, Genetically Modified Foods and Conspiracy Theories). GE foods can be contrasted with organic foods which are basically foods which undergo a ‘non-synthetic’ method of processing before distribution to the public. This issue holds immense global importance because it is considered to be an alternative to solving the World Hunger crisis by supplying GE foods to countries with an inadequate supply of food (Anup Shah GE Technologies will solve world hunger; Jeffrey Heit, MD-Genetically Engineered Foods ). In this paper, the relative advantages and disadvantages of distributing GE foods to the public will be discovered and weighed. The notion of GE technology being the sole alternative to solving World Hunger will also be investigated along with the prospect of using organic food instead of GE food. In the article, Is GE food safe?, Anup Shah argues that although there is a possibility the use of GE foods can be beneficial to the general public, it cannot be said that this will last forever. The importance of this dilemma is being measured by the fact that there is absolutely no scientific proof at the moment to predict the effects of these crops in the foreseeable future, though we might know a great deal about their initial benefits to health and industry. David C. Pack agrees with this point of view and states that man has tampered with the very core of our food supply as part of the continuing quest to â€Å"out-do† God. He goes on to talk about the ‘unpredictability’ of altering genes. Stating in an example that certain genes from a flounder—a fish—have been inserted into tomatoes in order to give them a longer shelf life and that splicing genetic segments of one species into the genes of another could never occur naturally, he goes on to measure the importance of this issue by comparing data from original research work that had been carried out to determine the relative advantages of ‘golden rice’ and ‘soybeans’ compared to the regular varieties available in the market (David C. Pack -Genetically Engineered Foods Why the Controversy?). Jeffrey Heit, MD, in Genetically Engineered Foods confirms that that the use of GE foods might entail a cheap and efficient industrial  system but the public might not benefit from it the way we think it will. For instance, the use of peanut genes in tomatoes might adversely affect people allergic to peanuts and tomatoes being irreplaceable ingredients in almost all kinds of curry based foods aggravate the situation. On the other hand, some authors like Amy Norton argue that Vitamin A deficiency can cause blindness and, because it dampens immune system function, leaves children more vulnerable to becoming severely ill from infections. If all children in deprived areas were given enough vitamin A, up to 2.7 million deaths could be prevented each year according to statistics. Genetically engineered capsules rich in vitamin A could be provided to the children in the aforementioned deprived areas. UNICEF has a program to give young children vitamin A capsules twice a year (one capsule is good for a six-month supply of the vitamin). A range of foods naturally contain vitamin A or vitamin A precursors – from liver, fish oil and eggs to spinach, carrots, mango and red peppers. But again, those foods may either be locally unavailable, depend on season, or be priced beyond what most families in developing nations can afford (Amy Norton- Genetically modified rice a good vitamin A source 14; Janice Jones- Advantages & Disadvantages of Organic Foods). In another article the author, Bryan Walsh talks about the relationship between ‘humane eggs’ and the way the laying hens are brought up or bred. He hints at the possibility of there being something worse than genetic engineering at hand, which is the way animals are brought up in farms, more specifically chickens. Hence, if such a relationship exists then there seem to be more pressing matters at hand than just the apparent side-effects of GE foods (Bryan Walsh-Vital Farms: Raising the Ultra-Organic Egg). Christie Wilcox adopts a different approach by targeting some of the myths held by people in favor of organic farming as opposed to genetically engineered farming. She talks about how pesticides are used abundantly in organic farming, how organic food is not healthier than GE food and how it is not ideal for the environment; ideas that are common amongst the general public about organic food (Christie Wilcox Myth busting 101: Organic Farming > Conventional Agriculture). Backing up the aspect that genetically engineered foods are unsafe and should not be distributed to the general public since their after effects have not yet been discovered, Anup Shah states in an article how worldwide polls indicate a high public demand of labeling GE food so as to  enable the public to choose their preference of food. She points out that any failure to do so implies that the public is ignorant. Is it ‘justified’ to keep the public in the dark just because we think the public is too ignorant to grasp the significance of GE food? On the other hand, is it okay to not label food as genetically engineered or not genetically engineered because of the growing apprehension that there will be competition between GE based and non GE based food companies? ( Anup Shah- Public Concerns and Protests on GE Food). While some believe that genetically engineered foods are generally regarded as safe. There has been no adequate testing, however, to ensure complete safety. There are no reports of illness or injury due to genetically engineered foods (Jeffrey Heit, MD- Genetically engineered foods). On the very other end, some people believe that genetically engineered technology is our only hope in abating the ongoing World Hunger problem. However, some people disagree. The idea that genetically engineered technologies can solve world hunger is ‘unreliable’. It might have the ‘potential’ to abet the ‘developing’ nations in fighting the food crisis but it is amongst the many other alternatives present. A significant number of people in the third world countries are unable to get food because it is expensive, not because it is unavailable. As we can see, the issue of a country’s economy is closely tied with the world hunger problem in this case (Anup Shah- GE Technologies will solve world hunger). There are various questions we need to ask ourselves if we want to determine the ‘safety’ GE food to human beings. In the event that this technology achieves its current aim, who will benefit more, people in need or the people who need more? If we are not able to predict the potential side effects of genetically engineered food, is it safe to miss this one chance to revert poverty or even world hunge r for that matter? If not, then will not taking the leap be worth it in the long run? â€Å"One reason why GE technology is being given the go-ahead is that there is a lot of money and profit involved in this. Hence from a business perspective it is more favorable, for example to produce crops that can be resistant to your pesticides (so that you can apply more of them).† Keeping this perspective in mind, is it ‘moral’ to jeopardize the prospect of â€Å"hunger free† countries? Does the expression man ‘tampering’ with nature also apply to scenarios in which Genetic engineering has helped the human race develop the food market? (David C. Pack-Genetically  Engineered Foods Why the Controversy? David C. Pack) The author mentions how the cross breeding of seeds needs to be prevented so as to prevent any food anomalies in the industry. Considering how different animals like cows and buffaloes are cross-bred, how justified is it to combine and merge the habits of different animals who are otherwise different in various aspects? Whereas the problem of â€Å"World Hunger† is concerned, if it cannot be solved by GE crops and is linked to poverty instead, will the eradication of poverty solve the predicament of world hunger? If hunger is an effect of poverty where poverty is a political and economic issue then politics influences how it is produced; who it is produced by and for what purposes it is produced. David C. Pack would also agree: â€Å"Even the problem of world hunger cannot be solved using this technology since the yield of GM crops is even lesser than that of natural (regular) crops† (David C. Pack -Genetically Engineered Foods Why the Controversy?). In conclusion, nothing can be said with absolute certainty about the pros and cons of using this kind of technology but what can be done in this field is research in order to determine the magnitude of change it is capable of delivering in the long run. References †¢Alexandra Sifferlin -California fails to pass genetically modified foods labeling initiative http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/07/california-fails-to-pass-gm-foods-labeling-initiative/ †¢Amy Norton Genetically modified rice a good vitamin A source http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_128308.html †¢Anup Shah -Is GE Food Safe? http://www.globalissues.org/article/189/is-ge-food-safe †¢Anup Shah -GE Technologies will solve world hunger http://www.globalissues.org/article/190/ge-technologies-will-solve-world-hunger †¢Anup Shah -Public Concerns and Protests on GE Food http://www.globalissues.org/article/196/a-huge-wave-of-public-concern †¢Bryan Walsh -Vital Farms: Raising the Ultra-Organic Egg http://science.time.com/2012/10/22/vital-farms-raising-the-ultra-organic-egg/